| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Fiber, Caulking Material Pitch used to caulk boat seams. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Fiber, Snow Gear Wood split or ripsawed and used to make sleds. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Food, Candy Pitch chewed like gum. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Other, Ceremonial Items Knot ring worn by children on a string around the neck to make them skilled with their hands. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Other, Cooking Tools Roots used for carving spoons and bowls. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Other, Fasteners Roots skinned and used to lash birchbark baskets. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Other, Fuel Wood used for household heating fuel. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Other, Good Luck Charm Golden needles conferred good luck to those who found them. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Other, Hide Preparation Rotten wood pulverized, mixed with rotten willow and used to smoke hides. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Other, Protection Boughs taken home as talismans for protection. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Other, Protection Trees nullified dangerous spiritual forces. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Other, Protection Trees protected those who slept beneath them, especially from malevolent spirits. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Malecite Drug, Unspecified Pitch used in medicines. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Malecite Fiber, Building Material Bark used for hut roofing. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Malecite Fiber, Canoe Material Bark used for canoes. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Malecite Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Needles and branches used for pillows and bedding. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Malecite Fiber, Sewing Material Roots used for thread. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Malecite Other, Waterproofing Agent Pitch used for waterproofing seams in canoes. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Menominee Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of cooked, beaten inner bark applied to wounds, cuts or swellings. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Menominee Drug, Internal Medicine Infusion of inner bark taken for 'inward troubles for either man or woman.' Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Bark used as a cough remedy. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Micmac Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark used to prepare a salve for cuts and wounds. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Micmac Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum used for scabs and sores. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Micmac Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Parts of plant used for stomach trouble. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Micmac Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Bark, leaves and stems used for scurvy. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Micmac Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Stems used for scurvy. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Micmac Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used to make beds. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Micmac Food, Beverage Bark used to make a beverage. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Micmac Other, Fuel Wood used for kindling and fuel. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Montagnais Drug, Tonic Infusion of twigs taken 'for generally beneficial effects.' Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Ojibwa Drug, Disinfectant Dried leaves used as an inhalant and fumigator. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Antidiarrheal Compound containing outer bark taken for diarrhea. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Respiratory Aid Infusion of bark used for respiratory ailments. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 27 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of bark used for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 27 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Beverage Branches used by mountain travellers to make a tea. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 27 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Shuswap Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of soft pitch applied to sores. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Shuswap Drug, Panacea Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Shuswap Drug, Toothache Remedy Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Shuswap Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Decoction of tree top, young birch tip and Hudson Bay tea taken for body aches. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of tree tip, Hudson Bay tea and blackberry stems used for colds. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of tree top, young birch tip and Hudson Bay tea taken for colds. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of young tips, Hudson Bay tea and blackberry stems taken for colds. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Cold Remedy Raw cambium chewed for colds. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Cough Medicine Raw cambium chewed for coughs. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of tree tip used as a wash for rashes and sores. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch and moose fat warmed into an ointment and used for sores. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch boiled in water and applied to sores. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of raw or boiled cambium applied to sores and infected areas or used to bandage cuts. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Dermatological Aid Soft pitch, sometimes mixed with grease, used as an ointment for sores. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |